What is "ground handling" in aviation terms?

Ground handling in aviation refers to the various services provided to an aircraft while it is on the ground at an airport, primarily during the time before takeoff and after landing. These services include passenger handling, baggage handling, cargo loading, aircraft cleaning, and sometimes refueling and maintenance tasks. The emphasis is on what occurs at the airport terminal and does not include any services or activities that happen while the aircraft is in-flight.

The correct choice highlights this focus on ground activities, specifically during the aircraft's time at the airport, separating these services from those associated with in-flight operations. By understanding ground handling as essential support that ensures the safe and efficient turnaround of aircraft, one can appreciate how crucial it is to overall airport operations and passenger experience.